American Revolution · Patriots and Loyalists · H. W. Brands
Our First Civil War
Patriots and Loyalists in the American Revolution
Discover the Revolution as a conflict among Americans themselves: a struggle that divided families, tested competing ideas of loyalty, and left lasting questions about freedom, belonging, and the price of independence.
12 PDF resources4 reading companions3 historical guides3 campaign maps
Trace the imperial tensions, colonial experiences, and disagreements about political authority that gradually turned familiar neighbors toward opposing sides.
Part 4: Violence, Consequences, and Historical Judgment
Sections 10–11 and the complete-book synthesis
Follow Joshua Huddy's execution, the Asgill retaliation crisis, Loyalist exile, the Treaty of Paris, unequal freedom, and the Franklin family's lasting division.
Benjamin Franklin, colonial cooperation, and the Haudenosaunee
Explore the historical background
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Large-print reading companion · PDF
Benjamin Franklin and the Enlightenment
Science, reason, civic life, and revolutionary ideas
Understand Franklin's intellectual world and how Enlightenment ideas influenced his practical inventions, public service, political thought, and vision for America.
Learn why the 1754 Albany Congress and Franklin's proposed Plan of Union mattered to colonial cooperation and the emerging conversation about shared government.
Indigenous nations, diplomacy, and political independence
Explore the Haudenosaunee Confederacy, its governing traditions, colonial diplomacy, and the human consequences when Native nations were excluded from the peace.